Sodium bicarbonate is known as a natural ingredient in hot springs and is a safe substance. As environmental impact becomes a more immediate problem, its gentle effects and natural qualities have been reassessed and it has come to be used in a variety of fields.
It has a multitude of uses from everyday goods to pharmaceuticals and beyond. To meet the ever-increasing needs and expanding applications, AGC, the largest manufacturer of sodium bicarbonate in Japan, offers a selection of grades and is putting efforts into the development of new products.
What is sodium bicarbonate? Is sodium bicarbonate a mineral? Sodium bicarbonate with the IUPAC name of sodium hydrogen carbonate (usually known as baking soda or soda bicarbonate), is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. This compound is a mineral salt composed of sodium cation (Na+) and bicarbonate anion (HCO3–).
Baking soda is a white solid with a crystalline appearance, however, it is sold as a powder with fine grains. Baking soda is a little salty and has almost alkaline properties. A mineral compound containing this salt is found in salty water springs and mineral springs.
In , French chemist “Nicholas Leblanc” could for the first time produce sodium carbonate which is called soda ash. In , two American bakers, “John Dwight” and “Austin Church” established the first baking soda production factory of sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide in America.
Is sodium bicarbonate a mineral? Sodium bicarbonate was introduced by a person named Rudyard Kipling in the s. A compound that could be used in commercial fishing in order to prevent the decaying of newly hunt fish. This application was the widest usage case of sodium bicarbonate at that time.
In , an American senator announced that baking soda can cure Spain Flu! Some studies of that time showed what baking soda is and what treatment effects it has for diseases like the flu.
In order for you to better understand what sodium bicarbonate is, it is necessary to get familiar with this substance production. Sodium bicarbonate is industrially produced of sodium carbonate:
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O →2 NaHCO3
Soda ash extracted as Trona mine stone, is solved in water and treated with carbon dioxide. Solid Sodium bicarbonate is extracted of this solution as sediment.
About Solvay procedure, sodium bicarbonate is a mediatory compound in sodium chloride, ammonia gas and carbon dioxide compound. However, this product has less purity (75 percent):
NaCl + CO2 + NH3 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Although it does not have significant commercial and productive value, however, sodium bicarbonate is also made of carbon dioxide reaction with sodium hydroxide water solution:
CO2 + NaOH → NaHCO3
Nahcolite natural mineral deposits contain sodium bicarbonate mineral compounds. These mines are created in Eocene period at the time of forming green river in Colorado. These sediments are deposited over time as a result of river bed evaporation. Sodium bicarbonate commercial extraction in this region is performed using normal techniques of underground extraction such as cavity extraction, drum excavation, and longitudinal extraction like coal extraction.
Limited amounts of the product are received on the surface with the extraction of bicarbonate sodium solution through warm water pumping of Nahcolite beds and retrieving “Nahcolite” solved in the surface. This extraction is performed through a crystallization procedure with a natural cooler.
What is sodium bicarbonate? Sodium bicarbonate is an amphoteric compound. Due to Carbonic Acid and hydroxide ion formation, water solutions are almost alkaline.
Sodium bicarbonate could be used as washing factor for eliminating any acid impurities of “raw liquids” and production of a more pure sample. Sodium bicarbonate and acid reaction produces a mineral salt and carbonic acid which is easily analyzed to carbon dioxide and water:
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2CO3
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
Sodium bicarbonate reacts to acetic acid (present in vinegar) and produces sodium acetate, water and carbon dioxide:
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Sodium bicarbonate reacts to bases such as sodium hydroxide and compose carbonates:
NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
In 80-100 Celsius degrees (176-212 Fahrenheit degrees), sodium bicarbonate is slowly analyzed to sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. This transformation speed is more in 200 Celsius degrees temperature (392 Fahrenheit degrees):
2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Through more heating, carbonate is transformed to oxide (more than 850 Celsius degrees):
Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2
Other similar compounds
Sodium bisulfatewhat are sodium bicarbonate applications?
Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda or sodium hydrogen carbonate. This industrial ingredient is used in edible grade, mainly in making bread and bakery. It can be used as baker’s yeast, (welding in bread dough, buffer atmosphere). Other cases could be seen bellow:
Necessary in a dough volume increase in making different types of bread, cookie, cake, cracker and wafer, and baking powder. Baking powder consists of three types of main composing substances:
A main factor: sodium bicarbonate
An acidic factor: for instance, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) or citric acid
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A volume factor: for instance, cornstarch
Standard relation is 30/40/30 weight percent (starch/ Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate/sodium bicarbonate). Yeast action is along with Carbon dioxide freedom. These reactions could be seen in the following figures:
Two chemical reactions (2a and 2b reactions):
2a reaction for carbon dioxide has higher performance than 2b. 2a reaction starts when modifiers are solved at the time of dough provision. 2b reaction starts with being heated.
2a reaction amount depends on different parameters including selection of the acidic substance and sodium bicarbonate particles size. Sodium bicarbonate with larger particles has more dissolution time than smaller ones (see the following table) & so, it affects reaction speed. Reaction speed for larger particles is slower than smaller ones.
However, it should be noted that in case of excessive sodium bicarbonate existence, an undesirable reaction occurs (see the following figure reaction).
This is a saponify reaction between sodium bicarbonate and free fatty acid existing in formulation (=fatty acid which is made up of substances like butter or cream). This reaction produces a fatty acid salt which induces undesired taste like metal taste in boiled substances.
Sodium bicarbonate could be used as PH buffer. This means it can regulate and maintain solution PH.
With such property, some nutrients formulations contain sodium bicarbonate as PH buffer. All types of ready to cook noodle, and also energy drinks and ready coffee or tea contain this compound. Therefore, using sodium bicarbonate has two main benefits. The first point is better control of final product PH so that it makes edible product better consistency and shelf life feasible.
Sodium Bicarbonate regulates PH and prevents creation of an acidic environment which leads to bacteria augmentation. Secondly, sodium bicarbonate makes a better feeling in the individual in digestion.
Chemical reaction which occurs in production of foam or ebullition in making bread or cake is the same as 2a reaction which was mentioned in the previous section. Sodium bicarbonate and an acidic factor react with each other in order to free carbon dioxide.
This property is used for carbonated drinks formulation. It is due to these reactions effect that carbon dioxide solved in drinks is freed as gas bubble.
This eruption property is also used for producing foam in powder drinks such as cappuccino or powder energy drinks. This reaction is occurred when powder is mixed in water.
Powder baking soda has faster dissolution time in water and produces strong foam with fast spark impact. On the contrary, larger particles have longer dissolution time and produce weaker foam.
source: Healthline
Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a key ingredient in a new technique for capturing carbon dioxide from the air and storing it in the ocean, according to a paper in Science Advances. The technique could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ocean acidification by removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the ocean.
Ocean acidification and global warming are primarily caused by carbon dioxide. It is emitted by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and accumulates in the air and water. To limit climate change, we need to not only cut down emissions but also remove some of the carbon dioxide that is already in the air.
The new technique, developed by researchers from China and the US, uses a special material that can capture carbon dioxide from the air more easily and cheaply. The material is made of copper nanoparticles that enhance the reaction between carbon dioxide and water. The captured carbon dioxide is then turned into sodium bicarbonate by reacting it with seawater. The sodium bicarbonate can then be released into the ocean at a low concentration, where it can help buffer the acidity of the water.
The researchers claim that their technique could capture up to three times more carbon dioxide than existing methods and reduce the cost of direct air capture by 40%. They also say that their technique could have environmental and social benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ocean acidification.
The technique is still experimental and needs more testing and improvement before it can be used on a large scale. The researchers also need to assess the potential impacts of releasing sodium bicarbonate into the ocean on marine life and human health. However, they hope that their technique could offer a promising solution for tackling climate change.
source: CNN
Sodium bicarbonate makes eye and skin irritation. It could be harmful if absorbed through the skin. In case of accidental swallowing, it would be harmful. The main impact is alimentary tract irritation.
Chronic damages due to long-term contact with this mineral substance include liver and kidney injury.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is analyzed while heated. This compound might be analyzed within humid weather or water.
Prevent this substance contact with unsuitable substances. Dust production, excessive heat, temperatures more than 50 Celsius degrees (122 Fahrenheit degrees), and facing moist weather or water, are unsuitable factors for this compound.
Sodium bicarbonate is unsuitable with other substances such as strong oxidizer factors, acids, mono ammonium phosphate, sodium, and potassium alloy.
Dangerous products analyzed of this compound include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Sodium bicarbonate packings exist in polyethylene or polypropylene bags weighing 25 kg and 50 kg along with shrink cover and on pallets and also gr jumbo bags.
Sodium carbonate packages that weigh less than 1 kg are currently offered in 500 gr weight. This product has laboratory grade and is made in Germany.
The environment for maintaining packages and bags special for sodium bicarbonate must have suitable ventilation. Minimize dust production and gathering for this substance. Be careful that this compound is not in contact with your eyes and skin and if it gathered on your cloth, quickly change and wash your clothes.
Sodium bicarbonate packages must be kept in a dry and cool place and the dish door be firmly closed.
Sodium bicarbonate is one of the most common and used industrial chemical compounds. This substance exists in the market in edible, industrial, and laboratory grades. The drug version of sodium bicarbonate could be mentioned as this compound’s edible grade. Sodium bicarbonate is used so much in foods. Baking soda with Sachi, Pars, and Fajr-e Parisian brands is presented in the market.
Baking soda marketing is possible in client-needed packages. For receiving updated prices and acquaintance with the method of ordering this substance, you can refer to “Shimico” website, industrial chemical substances commerce reference.
Top 10 sodium bicarbonate suppliers in Iran
For more information, please visit Sodium Bicarbonate Industry Grade.
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